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Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye in children. It is derived from the retina, the light-sensitive layer, in the eye. It is the most common eye tumor in children's eyes. , These tumors may involve one (75% of cases) or both (25% of cases) in children's eyes. Treated, retinoblastoma is almost always fatal, hence the importance of early diagnosis and treatment
Whether it's offspring?
Yes in some cases it may be hereditary. The majority of cases (90%) did not have a family history of the disease, while a small portion (10%) of newly diagnosed cases have other family members with retinoblastoma.
Of all cases of retinoblastoma, in 60% of cases do not get transmitted to the next generation, while in 40% of cases may be transmitted to the next generation. Therefore, it is important to have a genetic counseling before having a baby to determine the risk of other children get the same disease. In addition, siblings and children of patients with retinoblastoma should be checked periodically in their childhood to early detect possible tumors.
What are the symptoms of retinoblastoma?
Children with retinoblastoma When children do not complain of any poor vision, the tumor may remain undetected. The most common way of presentation is a white reflex (leukokoria) behind the pupil. It is sometimes called cat's eye reflex. There may be other causes also white reflex, but an evaluation by an ophthalmologist is a must in all the children to get rid of the disease the possibility of serious and potentially life-threatening.
It may also be present as strabismus (crossed eyes), poor vision, red eye pain, inflammation of the tissues surrounding the eye, protrusion of the eyeballs (proptosis), etc. Sometimes detected in eye examination regularly by an ophthalmologist, especially in a child with a family history of the disease.
How it can be detected early?
The most common time detection of these tumors is about one year, when both eyes are involved, and about two years when only one eye is involved. A periodic evaluation of the child by an ophthalmologist, especially if there is a family history of the disease can help in taking an early tumor. Whenever a child is suspected of having poor vision or if any of the above symptoms noted, an ophthalmologist should be consulted.
To make a diagnosis, the doctor may need to check the child under general anesthesia. A few special tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, X-ray, blood tests MRI ,, spinal tap, bone marrow biopsy etc. can be performed to establish the diagnosis and to determine the extent of the disease.
If a child has been diagnosed with retinoblastoma in one eye, he can also develop the same disease in the other eye?
Yes. 25% of these tumors can affect both eyes. The other eye also should be thoroughly evaluated for the presence of any tumor. Also in some cases, the other eye tumors can develop a little later. Therefore, on the follow also, the other eye should be checked.
Whether children are also at risk for other diseases or tumor?
Some of the children, especially where the tumor involves both eyes, are at risk for developing other tumors such as osteogenic sarcoma (a cancer that affects the bone tumor). Radiation therapy to the tumor (external beam radiotherapy) increases the risk of other tumors. Your eye doctor will discuss this issue with you.
My child has been diagnosed with retinoblastoma. Should I get my other children checked as well?
As we know, some cases may be hereditary, so that all siblings of affected children should get an evaluation to rule out the disease.
What are the chances that the next child to be born will have the same disease?
This opportunity could range from a low of 1 in 15,000 to as high as 45%, and depends on many factors, such as whether there is a family history of the tumor, whether the tumor involves both eyes etc. A genetic counseling should be sought when planning for another baby. Similarly, when a person is treated with retinoblastoma plan to have children, she also had to consult a doctor for genetic counseling.
What can be cured?
Yes. If detected at an early stage, the life and the child's eye view of the time and can be saved. After removal of the tumor, the possibility of living very well in children.
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